FRESH WATER ALLOWANCE (FWA) & DOCK WATER ALLOWANCE (DWA)

FRESH WATER ALLOWANCE (FWA) & DOCK WATER ALLOWANCE (DWA). Definisi: FWA : Perobahan sarat kapal yang terjadi karena perbedaan BJ air, misalnya kapal berlayar dari air laut dengan BJ 1,025 ke air tawar dengan BJ 1,000 atau sebaliknya.

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FRESH WATER ALLOWANCE (FWA) & DOCK WATER ALLOWANCE (DWA)

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1. FRESH WATER ALLOWANCE (FWA)&DOCK WATER ALLOWANCE (DWA) • Definisi: • FWA : Perobahan sarat kapal yang terjadi karena perbedaan BJ air, misalnya kapal berlayar dari air laut dengan BJ 1,025 ke air tawar dengan BJ 1,000 atau sebaliknya. • DWA: Perobahan sarat kapal yang terjadi karena perbedaan BJ air, misalnya kapal berlayar dari air laut dengan BJ 1,025 ke air dengan BJ tertentu (BJ > 1,000 dan < 1,025), atau sebaliknya. AIR LAUT Next Designed by: Capt. Hadi Supriyono, Sp1, MM Dedicated to: PIP Makassar AIR TAWAR
2. Perhitungan FWA Massa = Volume x density (m = v x δ) Berat = Volume x BJ (w = v x BJ) • Kapal dengan Displacement (W) tetap berlayar dari air laut BJ 1,025 (δ = 1025) ke air tawar BJ 1,000 (δ = 1000) • W (atau m) di air tawar = W (atau m) di air laut. Maka • 1000 x (V+v) = 1025 x V • 1000 V + 1000 v = 1025 V • 1000 v = 1025 V – 1000 V = 25 V • v = 25 V/1000 = V/40 ≈ w =W/40 • Ingat pembahasan TPC  TPC = A/100 turunan dari w = (Δsarat/10) x TPC dimana Δsarat = 1 cm • Dalam kasus ini Δsarat = FWA, maka • (Δsarat/10) x TPC = W/40. Atau (FWA/10) x TPC = W/40. Jadi • FWA = W/4TPC • Setiap kapal memiliki bentuk yang berbeda-beda, sehingga nilai FWA tiap kapal berbeda • Besarnya FWA dapat dilihat pada Plimsol Mark (dari S – F atau T – TF) Next Designed by: Capt. Hadi Supriyono, Sp1, MM Dedicated to: PIP Makassar
3. Perhitungan DWA • Istilah ‘Dock Water’ adalah perairan yang density airnya lebih dari 1000 dan kurang dari 1025. Misalnya ‘x’ • Dengan menggunakan perbandingan, maka DWA/FWA = (1025 – x)/(1025 -1000), atau • DWA = /25 x δ = 1000 FW FWA δ = x DWA δ = 1025 SW Next Designed by: Capt. Hadi Supriyono, Sp1, MM Dedicated to: PIP Makassar
4. CONTOH-1: • Sebuah kapal memuat di zona Summer pada perairan dengan δ 1005 kg/cm3. FWA = 6,25 cm TPC = 15 tonnes. Garis air sebelum memuat berada 2,5 cm di bawah garis bagian bawah ‘S’. Berapa ton muatan yang dapat dimuat agar sarat kapal pada garis muat yang diijinkan (S) δ = 1000 F δ = 1005  D 6,25 cm DWA=x δ = 1025 S ? 2,5 cm Garis air sebelum memuat Next Designed by: Capt. Hadi Supriyono, Sp1, MM Dedicated to: PIP Makassar
5. Penyelesaian • x/FWA = (1025 – D)/25 • x = 6,25 x 20/25 • x = 5,00 cm • Sisa sarat yang dibolehkan = (5 + 2,5 + 2,5) cm = 10 cm  ingat, tebal garis = 2,5 cm! • Muatan yang dapat dimuat = pertambahan sarat x TPC = 10 x 15 = 150 ton F δ = 1000 δ = 1005  D 6,25 cm 50 cm δ = 1025 S 50 cm 2,5 cm Garis air sebelum memuat Next Designed by: Capt. Hadi Supriyono, Sp1, MM Dedicated to: PIP Makassar
6. Perobahan Displacement (Δ) bila Density (δ) berobah dan sarat tetap • Δbaru/Δlama = δbaru/δlama • Contoh: Sebuah kapal dengan Displ. 7000 ton berada di air tawar. Berapakah Displ. Kapal bila ia berada di air dengan δ 1015 pada sarat yang sama? • Penyelesaian: Δbaru/Δlama = δbaru/δlama Δbaru = 7000 x (1015/1000) = 7105 ton Next Designed by: Capt. Hadi Supriyono, Sp1, MM Dedicated to: PIP Makassar

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Q. What is the importance of Fresh water Allowance (FWA) and what is its relevance?

To maintain the reserve buoyancy vessels are only allowed to load up to the summer load line at sea water.

When the vessel moves from saltwater to fresh water due to the difference in density the vessel will sink so that summer loadline will submerge below water line.

This additional sinkage will be just enough to achive more underwater volume so that vessel will get exact buoyancy as the vessel floating in sea water.

This rise /change in draft is called as Fresh water allowance FWA.

Summer draft + FWA = Freshwater draft.

If the vessel is loading in fresh water , She can load Upto fresh water draft.

When the Vessel travels from FW to SW, She will rise and her draft at salt water will be summer draft.